文學與電影 Week 3

(1) critical thinking/reasoning 批判性思考

How do you have critical thinking?

The starting point of critical thinking is not the answer but the problem.

1.    判斷一組答案裡面有沒有堪用選項的基本方法

(批判性思考不是用來幫助你選出是非題和選擇題的正確答案的，但能幫你檢查問題和答案之間是否搭配得宜。)

2.    跳脫問題框架的基本方法

(批判性思考不一定幫助你更快走出思考迷宮，但有助於避免踏入沒有出口的迷宮。)

3.    檢查問題的基本方法

(批判性思考不見得幫你找到問題的解決方法，但可以幫助你問出對的問題。)

4.    訴諸純粹邏輯來展開問題

(批判性思考能夠直接幫助的對象，一是思考慣性，二是心理預設情境。)

結論：批判性思考能夠直接幫助的對象，一是思考慣性，二是心理預設情境。

(2) Writing skills

How to developing your writing skills?

1.  Think About Your Readers' Needs

2.  Remember Basic Rules for Good Written English

3.  Write Regularly to Develop Confidence and Quality

4.  Have a Structure for Drafting and Re-Drafting

5.  Get Feedback on Your Writing and Use It

6.  Be Realistic About What You Can Achieve

l   Lipstick effect口紅效應：

The lipstick effect is the theory that when facing an economic crisis consumers will be more willing to buy less costly luxury goods.

Instead of buying expensive fur coats, for example, people will buy expensive lipstick.

Elite- 精華；精英；優秀分子

*A select group that is superior in terms of ability or qualities to the rest of a group or society

*A group or class of people seen as having the most power and influence in a society, especially on account of their wealth or privilege

Entertainment – 招待；娛樂；演藝

*The action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment.

*The action of receiving a guest or guests and providing them with food and drink.

法國-楚浮

瑞典-柏格曼

日本-黑澤明